{"id":12,"date":"2025-06-04T14:48:17","date_gmt":"2025-06-04T12:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dcga.dk\/?page_id=12"},"modified":"2025-06-04T15:36:48","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T13:36:48","slug":"publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stauning.dcga.dk\/?page_id=12","title":{"rendered":"Publications"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Publications in Refereed Journals 1980-2022 (118)<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Scientific publications, \n
single or first author. (52)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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S<\/b>tauning, P.<\/b>\u00a0(2015). A critical note on the IAGA-endorsed Polar Cap Index procedure: Effects of solar wind sector structure and reverse polar convection,\u00a0Ann.Geophys.<\/i>, 33, 1443-1455, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/angeo-33-1443-2015<\/a> ,\u00a0www.ann-geophys.net\/33\/1443\/2015<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>\u00a0(2018). A critical note on the IAGA-endorsed Polar Cap (PC) indices: excessive excursions in the real-time index values.\u00a0Ann Geophys<\/i>\u00a036: 621\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/angeo-36-621-2018<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(2007). A new index for the interplanetary merging electric field and the global geomagnetic activity: Application of the unified Polar Cap (PCN and PCS) indices,\u00a0AGU Space Weather, 5<\/i>, S09001, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007SW000311<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(1984). Absorption of cosmic noise in the E-region during electron heating events.\u00a0Geophys. Res. Lett., 11<\/i>, 1184-1187, 1984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/GL011i012p01184<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2021). Comment on \u201cIdentification of the IMF sector structure in near-real time by ground<\/p>

magnetic data\u201d by Janzhura and Troshichev (2011), Ann Geophys<\/i> 39(2) 369-377,<\/p>

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/angeo-39-369-2021<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2020).\u00a0<\/span> <\/b>Comment on: \u201cJanzhura, A. S., Troshichev, O. A. (2011). Identification of the IMF sector\u00a0 <\/span>structure in near-real time by ground magnetic data\u201d. Annales Geophysicae, <\/i>29, 1491-1500.\u00a0 <\/span>https:\/\/angeo.copernicus.org\/articles\/39\/369\/2021\/<\/a><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b> (2011). Comment on “The PC index: review of methods”, by McCready and Menvielle, Ann. Geophys<\/i>. 29, 1137-1146. https:\/\/doi.org\/105194\/angeo-29-1137-2011<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2022). Comment on \u201cThe PC index Variations During 23\/24 Solar Cycles. Relation to Solar<\/p>

Wind Parameters and Magnetic Disturbances\u201d JGR Space Physics<\/i>.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022JA030314<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(2013). Comments on quiet daily variation derivation in “Identification of the IMF sector structure in near-real time by ground magnetic data” by Janzhura and Troshichev (2011), Ann. Geophys<\/i>., 31, 1221-1225, 2013. doi:10.5194\/angeo-31-1221-2013. \u00a0http:\/\/www.ann-geophys.net\/31\/1221\/2013\/<\/a><\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(1994).<\/b> Coupling of IMF By variations into the polar ionospheres through interplanetary field-aligned currents,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 99<\/i>, 17,309-17,322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/94JA00927<\/a><\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(2011). Danish auroral science history, Hist. Geo. Space Sci.<\/i> 2, 1-28, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/hgss-2-1-2011<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>\u00a0(2011). Determination of quiet daily geomagnetic variations for polar regions,\u00a0J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys.<\/i>,\u00a073<\/b>, 2314-2330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jastp.2011.07.004<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(2002). Field-aligned ionospheric current systems observed from the Magsat and \u00d8rsted satellites during northward IMF,\u00a0Geophys. Res. Lett.<\/i>, Paper #2001GL013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2001GL013961<\/a><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b> (1996). Investigations of ionospheric radio wave absorption processes using imaging riometer techniques.\u00a0J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58<\/i>, 753-764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9169(95)00072-0<\/a><\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(1996). Ionospheric investigations using imaging riometers, In:\u00a0Review of Radio Science 1993-1996<\/i>, ed. W. Ross Stone, 585-617, Oxford University Pres, 1996.<\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(1998), Ionospheric radiowave absorption processes in the dayside polar cap boundary regions, in: J. Moen, A. Egeland and M. Lockwood (eds.),\u00a0Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena<\/i>, p. 233-254, Kluwer Academic Publishers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-011-5214-3_18<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(1996). High latitude D- and E-region investigations using imaging riometer observations.\u00a0J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58<\/i>, 765-783, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9169(95)00073-9<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2021). Invalid Polar Cap (PC) indices: Erroneous scaling parameters,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys.<\/i>\u00a0126 (9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020JA028292<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2022). Magnetospheric Current Systems and the Polar Cap Index. In: Chapter #3, pp. 37-78,<\/p>

Magnetosphere and Solar Winds, Humans and Communication.<\/p>

IntecOpen.\u00a0https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/chapters\/81992<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.104573<\/a><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>\u00a0(2018). Multi-station basis for Polar Cap (PC) indices: ensuring credibility and operational reliability.\u00a0J Space Weather Space Clim<\/i>\u00a08 (A07). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/swsc\/2017036<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(1996). Polar convection-related ionospheric radio-wave absorption processes observed by imaging riometers.\u00a0Adv. Space Res.<\/i>, 22, pp 1279-1288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9169(95)00072-0<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P. <\/b>(1995). Polar lacuna on ionograms. E- of F-region processes?, Letter to the editor.\u00a0Ann. Geophys., 13<\/i>, 450-453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00585-995-0450-z<\/a> ,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, (1995). Progressing IMF By-related polar ionospheric convection disturbances,\u00a0J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 47<\/i>, 735-757.<\/p>

Stauning, P.\u00a0<\/span><\/b> (2013). Power grid disturbances and polar cap index during geomagnetic storms. J. Space Weather Space Clim<\/i>., 3 (A22).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/swsc\/2013044<\/b><\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2014). Reduced solar activity disguises global temperature rise,\u00a0Atmospheric and Climate Sciences<\/i>,\u00a04, 60-63.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/acs.2014.41008<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>\u00a0(2018): Reliable real-time Polar Cap (PC) indices for space weather monitoring and forecasts.\u00a0J Space Weather Space Clim<\/i>\u00a08 (A49), 10 pp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/swsc\/2018031<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2022). Reply to Comment by Troshichev et al. on \u201cThe Use of Invalid Polar Cap South (PCS)<\/p>

Indices in Publications\u201d. JGR Space Physics<\/i> e2022JA030856.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022JA030856<\/a><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b> (2011). Solar activity-climate relations: A different approach, J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys<\/i>. 73, 14 pp., 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jastp.2011.06.011<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b> (1998) Substorm modelling based on observations of an intense high-latitude absorption surge event,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 103<\/i>, 26,433-26,452 (Free Access), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/97JA03596<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b> (2013). The Polar Cap index: A critical review of methods and a new approach, J. Geophys. Res., Space Physics<\/i>, 118, 5021-5038, doi:10.1002\/jgra.50462, (Free Access)\u00a0 <\/span>http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/ doi\/10.1002\/jgra.50462\/pdf<\/b><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2021). The Polar Cap (PC) index combination, PCC: relations to solar wind properties and global magnetic disturbances.\u00a0J. Space Weather Space Clim.<\/i>\u00a011 pp.11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/swsc\/2020074<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2016): The Polar Cap (PC) index, derivation procedures and quality control, DMI Scientific\u00a0Report SR-16-22.\u00a0ISBN:\u00a0<\/b>978-87-7478-667-2, ISSN:\u00a0<\/b>2445-9127.<\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2020). The Polar Cap (PC) index: invalid index series and a different approach.\u00a0Space Weather<\/i>\u00a016, e2020SW002442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020SW002442<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>.\u00a0\u00a0(2022). The Polar Cap Index: PCS Version based on Dome-C data.<\/p>

AGU SpaceWeather<\/i>,20(4),\u00a0e2021SW002941.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021SW002941<\/a><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b> (2012). The Polar Cap PC Indices: Relations to Solar Wind and Global Disturbances, Exploring the Solar Wind, Marian Lazar (Ed.), 2012. ISBN: 978-953-51-0339-4, InTech<\/i>, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/37359<\/a>\u00a0 <\/span>Available from:\u00a0http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/exploring-the-solar-wind\/the-polar-cap-pc-indices-relations-to-solar-wind-and-global-disturbances<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2022). The use of invalid Polar Cap South (PCS) indices in publications.\u00a0J. Geophys. Res.<\/i><\/i><\/p>

Space Phys. <\/i>127(5), e2022JA030355.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022JA030355\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2021). Transpolar convection and magnetospheric ring currents: real-time applications of Polar Cap (PC) indices.\u00a0Space Weather 19 (7)<\/i>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020SW002702<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>. (2020). Using PC indices to predict violent GIC events threatening power grids.\u00a0J. Space Weather Space Clim.<\/i>\u00a010 (3), pp.13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/swsc\/2020004<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P<\/b>., Christiansen, F., Watermann, J., Christensen, T., Rasmussen, O. (2003). Mapping of Field-Aligned Current Patterns during Northward IMF. In: Reigber, C., L\u00fchr, H., Schwintzer, P. (eds) First CHAMP Mission Results for Gravity, Magnetic and Atmospheric Studies<\/i>. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-38366-6_51<\/a><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, F. Christiansen, J. Watermann, and O. Rasmussen (2005). Detection of intense fine-scale field-aligned current structures in the cusp region, in:\u00a0Earth Observation with CHAMP, Results from Three Years in Orbit<\/i>, eds. C. Reigber et al., pp. 381-388 Springer-Verlag, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-26800-6_61<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, F. Christiansen, J. Watermann, and O. Rasmussen (2005). On the modelling of field-aligned currents from magnetic observations by polar orbiting satellites, in:\u00a0Earth Observation with CHAMP, Results from Three Years in Orbit<\/i>, C. Reigber et al., p. 371, Springer-Verlag. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-26800-6_61<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>\u00a0and J.K. Olesen (1989). Observations of the unstable plasma in the disturbed polar E-region,\u00a0Physica Scripta, 40<\/i>, 325-332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-8949\/40\/3\/012<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, and F. Primdahl. (2000). First detection of global dawn-dusk ionospheric current intensities using Amp\u00e8re’s integral law on \u00d8rsted satellite orbits,\u00a0Geophys. Res. Lett., 27<\/i>, 3273-3276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2000GL011954<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>\u00a0and T. J. Rosenberg (1996). High-latitude daytime absorption spike events. Morphology and occurrence statistics,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 101<\/i>, 2377-2396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/95JA03125<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, C.R. Clauer, T.J Rosenberg, E. Friis-Christensen, and R. Sitar (1995). Observations of solar-wind-driven progression of interplanetary magnetic field BY-related dayside ionospheric disturbances.\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 100<\/i>, 7567-7585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/94JA01825<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>\u00a0and O. A. Troshichev. (2008). Polar Cap convection and PC index during sudden enhancements in solar wind dynamic pressure,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res.<\/i>, 2007JA012783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007JA012783<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, O. A. Troshichev, and A. S. Janzhura (2008). The polar cap (PC) index. Relations to solar wind parameters and global magnetic activity level,\u00a0J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys. <\/i>https:\/\/<\/i>doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jastp.2008.09.028<\/a> .<\/i><\/i><\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, E. Friis-Christensen, O. Rasmussen, and S. Vennerstrom (1994). Progressing polar convection disturbances: Signature of an open magnetosphere,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 99<\/i>, 11,303-11,317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/93JA03584<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, J.K. Olesen, R.T. Tsunoda (1985). Observations of the unstable E-region in the polar cusp, in:\u00a0The Polar Cusp<\/i>, eds. J.A. Holtet and A. Egeland, pp. 365-376, NATO ASI Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 145, 365\u2013376, D. Reidel Publishing Co.<\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, F. Primdahl, J. Watermann, and O. Rasmussen (2001). IMF By-related Cusp currents observed from the \u00d8rsted satellite and from ground,\u00a0Geophys. Res. Lett.<\/i>, vol. 28, p. 99-102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2000GL012010<\/a> .<\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, T.J. Rosenberg, C.R. Clauer, E. Friis-Christensen and O. Rasmussen (1994), Progressing dayside polar radio wave absorption events and convection disturbances, In:\u00a0Physical signatures of Magnetospheric boundary layer processes<\/i>, Ed. J. Holtet and A. Egeland,\u00a0<\/span> NATO Science Series C 425, pp. 125-138, Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1994.<\/p>

Stauning, P.<\/b>, H. Yamagishi, M.Nishino, and T.J. Rosenberg (1995). Dynamics of Cusp-latitude absorption events observed by imaging riometers.\u00a0J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 47<\/i>, 823-845.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Scientific publications, \n
co-authored. (66)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Anderson, B.J., H. Korth, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b> (2008). Statistical Birkeland current distribution from magnetic field observations by the Iridium constellation and Oersted,\u00a0Ann. Geophysicae<\/i>, 26, 671\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/angeo-26-671-2008<\/a> .<\/p>

Baker, D.N., E.W. Hones Jr., P.R. Higbie, R.D. Belian,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, (1981). Global properties of the magnetosphere during a substorm growth phase. A case study,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 86<\/i>, 8941-8956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/JA086iA11p08941<\/a> .<\/p>

Baker, D.N., E.W. Hones Jr., P.R. Higbie,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, (1982). Multiple spacecraft and correlated riometer study of magnetospheric substorm phenomena,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 87<\/i>, 6121-6136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/JA087iA08p06121<\/a>.<\/p>

Baker, D.N.,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, E.W. Hones Jr., P.R. Higbie, and R.D. Belian (1981), Near-equatorial, high-resolution measurements of electron precipitation at L=6.6,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 86<\/i>, 2295-2313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/JA086iA04p02295<\/a> .<\/p>

Barcus J.R., I.B. Iversen, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, (1986). Observations of the Electric Field in the Stratosphere over an Arctic Storm System.\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 91<\/i>, 9881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/JD091iD09p09881<\/a> .<\/p>

Barcus J.R., K.D. Hudnut,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, I.B. Iversen, and J. Phillips (1986). Observations of Bremsstrahlung from Solar electron in the Earth’s atmosphere,\u00a0J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 48<\/i>, 375-384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9169(86)90005-X<\/a> .\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Bor\u00e4lv, E., P. Eglitis, H.J. Opgenoorth, E. Donovan, G. Reeves, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, (2000). The dawn and dusk electrojet response to substorm onset, Ann. Geophys<\/i>. 18, 1097-1107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00585-000-1097-4<\/a> .<\/p>

Brekke, A., O. Holt, P.H.G. Dickinson, M. Friedrich, T. Hansen,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, and E.V. Thrane, (1985). Development of D-region electron densities under various auroral conditions during Energy Budget Campaign,\u00a0J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 47<\/i>, 101-121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9169(85)90127-8<\/a> .<\/p>

Brekke, P., R. Steen, T. Onsager, P. Wintoft, A. Olaussen, R. Pirjola, P. Stauning, B. Sundelius, T. Ohnstad, and L. Marti (2013), Space Weather and Challenges for Modern Society, AGU Space Weather<\/i>, 11, 3\u20134, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2012SW000881<\/a> .<\/p>

Brown, R.R., J.R. Barcus,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, and R.H. Karas (1981). Observations of effects from magnetospheric cusp movement during a solar proton event,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 86<\/i>, 7557- 7565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/JA086iA09p07557<\/a> .<\/p>

Cabrera, J., M. Cyamukungu,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, A. Leonov, P. Leleux, J. Lemaire, and G. Gregoire, Fluxes of energetic protons and electrons measured on board the Oersted satellite,\u00a0Ann. Geophysicae, 23<\/i>, 2975-2982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/angeo-23-2975-2005<\/a> .<\/p>

Christensen, T., N. \u00d8stergaard, T.J. Rosenberg, D.L. Detrick, G.A. Germany, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, (2003). Conjugate High-Intensity Energetic Electron Precipitation at High Latitude, Annales Geophysicae<\/i>, 21, 1443-1455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/ANGEO-21-1443-2003<\/a> \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

.<\/p>

Clauer, C.R., D.E. Atkins, T.E. Weymouth, G.M. Olson, R. Niciejewski, T.A. Finholt, A. Prakash, C.E. Rasmussen, T. Killen, T.J. Rosenberg, D. Detrick, J.D. Kelly, Y.Zambre, C. Heinselman,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, E. Friis-Christensen, S.B. Mende (1993). A prototype Upper Atmospheric Research Collaboratory,\u00a0EOS Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 74<\/i>, 267.<\/p>

Clauer, C. R., D. E. Atkins, T. E. Weymouth, G. M. Olson, R. Niciejewski, T. A. Finholt, A. Prakash, C. E. Rasmussen, T. Killeen, T. J. Rosenberg, D. Detrick, J. D. Kelly, Y. Zambre, C. Heinselman,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, E. Friis-Christensen, S. B. Mende, (1995). A Prototype Upper Atmospheric Research Collaboratory (UARC), in:\u00a0Visualization Techniques in Space and Sciences<\/i>, ID 19960022580, NASA SP-519, Washington, DC.<\/p>

Clauer, C.R., J.D. Kelly, T.J. Rosenberg, C.E. Rasmussen,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, E. Friis- Christensen, R.J. Niciejewski, T.L. Killeen, S.B. Mende, Y. Zambre, T.E. Weymouth, A. Prakash, S.E. McDaniel, G.M. Olson, T.A. Finholt, and D.E. Atkins, (1994). New project to support scientific collaboration electronically,\u00a0EOS Transactions, 75<\/i>, 294-298. https:\/\/doi.org\/ https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/94EO00954<\/a> .<\/p>

Clauer, C.R.,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, T.J. Rosenberg, E. Friis-Christensen, P.M. Miller, and R.J. Sitar (1996). Observations of a solar wind driven modulation of the dayside ionospheric DPY current system.\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 100<\/i>, 7697-7713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/94JA01193<\/a> .<\/p>

Farrugia, C.J., F.T. Gratton, R.B. Torbert, L. Bender, G. Gnavi, K.W. Ogilvie, N.V. Erkaev, R.P. Lepping, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, (2003). On the dependence of dayside Kelvin-Helmholtz activity on IMF orientation,\u00a0Adv. Space Res.<\/i>, 31, 1105-1110. 10.1016\/S0273-1177(02)00889-X<\/a> .<\/p>

Farrugia, C.J., P.E. Sandholt, S.W.H. Cowley, D.J. Southwood, A. Egeland,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, R.P. Lepping, A.J. Lazarus, T. Hansen, and E. Friis-Christensen. (1995). Reconnection- associated auroral activity stimulated by two types of upstream dynamic pressure variations: The IMF BZ=0, BY<<0 case.\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 100<\/i>, 21,753-21,772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/95JA01082<\/a> .<\/p>

Ford, S. F., F. W. Menk,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, K. Yumoto, and E. Zesta (2007). A satellite-ground study of low-latitude Pi2 pulsations,\u00a0Ann. Geophysicae<\/i>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/95JA01082<\/a> .<\/p>

F\u00f6rster, M., V. M. Mishin,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, J. Watermann, T.I. Saifudinova, and A.D. Bazarz-hapov. (2006). Plasma convection in the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere during substorms, Adv. Space Res<\/i>., 38, 1750-1754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asr.2006.03.029<\/a>.<\/p>

Friedrich, M., K.D. Baker, P.H.G. Dickinson, A. Dumbs, G. Grandal, O. Andreassen, E.V. Thrane, L.G. Smith,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, K.M. Torkar (1985), Synopsis of the D- and E-regions during the energy budget campaign,J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 47<\/i>, 89-100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9169(85)90126-6<\/a>.<\/p>

Friedrich, M., M. Harrich, K.M. Torkar, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, (2002). Quantitative measurements with wide-beam riometers,\u00a0J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys.<\/i>,\u00a064<\/i>, 359-365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1364-6826(01)00108-0<\/a> .<\/p>

Han, D.-S., T. Araki, H-G. Yang, Z-T. Chen, T. Iyemori,and\u00a0P. Stauning <\/b>(2007), Comparative study of Storm Sudden Commencements (SCs) between Oersted and ground observations at different local times.\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 112<\/i>, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2006JA011953<\/a><\/p>

Han, D., T. Iyemori, M. Nose, H. McCreadie, Y. Gao, F. Yang, S. Yamashita, and\u00a0P. Stauning <\/b>(2004), A comparative analysis of low-latitude Pi2 pulsations observed by Oersted and ground stations, J. Geophys. Res<\/i>., 109, A10209, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2004JA010576<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Han, D.-S., H-G. Yang, Z-T. Chen, T. Iyemori, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, Detailed analysis on a preliminary reverse impulse (PRI) event observed above the dayside ionosphere near the dip equator,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 112<\/i>, 2007.<\/p>

Hosokawa, K., S. Yamasita,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, N. Sato, A.S. Yukimatu, and T. Iyemori, Origin of the SuperDARN broad Doppler spectra: First observational evidence from Oersted satellite magnetometer,\u00a0Annales Geophysicae<\/i>\u00a022, pp. 159-168, 2004.<\/p>

Imhof, W.L., J. Stadsnes, J.R. Kilner, D.W. Datlowe, G.H. Nakano, J.B. Reagan, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, Mapping of energetic electron precipitation following substorms using the satellite bremsstrahlung technique,J. Geophys. Res., 87<\/i>, 671-680, 1982.<\/p>

Janzhura, A., O.Troshichev,\u00a0P.Stauning<\/b> (2007), Unified PC indices: relation to magnetic disturbances in the auroral zone,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 112<\/i>, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/JA012132<\/a> .<\/p>

Korotova, G.I., M.G. Kivelson, D.G. Sibeck, T.A. Potemra, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b> (2000),Multipoint observations of global magnetospheric compressions. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23293-23302, 2000.<\/p>

Lu, G., T.E. Holzer, D. Lummerzheim, J.M. Ruohoniemi,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, O. Troshichev, P.T. Newell, M. Brittnacher, and G. Parks (2002), Ionospheric response to the IMF southward turning: Fast onset and slow reconfiguration,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res.<\/i>,\u00a0107<\/i>, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2001JA000324<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Moss, K. and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>: Sophus Peter Tromholt: an outstanding pioneer in auroral research, Hist. Geo Space. Sci.,<\/i> 3, 53-72, doi:10.5194\/hgss-3-53-2012,\u00a0http:\/\/www.hist-geo-space-sci.net\/3\/53\/2012\/<\/b><\/a>, 2012.<\/p>

Neubert, T., M. Mandea, G. Hulot, R. von Frese, F. Primdahl, J.L. J\u00f8rgensen, E. Friis-Christensen,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, N. Olsen, and T. Risbo, (2001). \u00d8rsted Satellite Captures High-Precision Geomagnetic Field Data, EOS, Vol. 82<\/i>, No. 7, p. 81, 87, and 88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/01EO00043<\/a> .<\/p>

Nishino, M., H. Yamagishi, N. Sato, Y. Murata, R. Lui, H. Hongqiao,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>\u00a0and J. A. Holtet, (1999). Post-noon ionospheric absorption observed by imaging riometers at polar cusp\/cap conjugate stations, Journal of Polar Science<\/i>, ID: 12825888,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Nishino, M., H. Yamagishi, N. Sato, Y. Murata, Liu Ruiyan, Hu Hongcqiao, P. Stauning, and J. A. Holtet (1999), Post-noon ionospheric absorption observed by imaging riometers at polar cusp\/cap conjugate stations, Chinese J. Pol. Sci<\/i>., 10(2), 125-132.<\/p>

Nishino, M., H. Yamagishi,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, T. J. Rosenberg, and J. A. Holtet (1997). Location, spatial scale and motion of radio wave absorption in the cusp-latitude ionosphere observed by imaging riometers.\u00a0J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 95<\/i>, 903-924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1364-6826(96)00072-7<\/a><\/p>

Olesen, J.K.,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, and R.T. Tsunoda, J. K. Olesen, P. Stauning and R.T. Tsunoda,(1986). On a unified interpretation of the polar slant E condition (SEC) and other high E field related phenomena, in\u00a0Radio Science<\/i>, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 127-140, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/RS021i001p00127<\/a> .\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Opgenoorth, H.J., M. Lockwood, D. et al. P. Stauning<\/b>, (2001). Coordinated ground-based, low altitude satellite and Cluster observations on global and local scales during a transient post-noon sector excursion of the magnetospheric cusp.\u00a0Ann. Geophys., 19<\/i>, 1367-1398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/angeo-19-1367-2001<\/a> .<\/p>

Palmroth, M., N. Partamies, J. Polvi, T.I. Pulkkinen, D.J. McComas, J. Barnes,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, C.W. Smith, H.J. Singer, and R. Vainio (2007). Solar wind – magnetosphere coupling efficiency for solar wind pressure impulses,\u00a0Geophys. Res. Lett., 34<\/i>, L111, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2006GL029059<\/a><\/p>

Partamies, N., D. Whiter, A. Kadokura, K. Kauristie, H. Nesse Tyss\u00f8y, S. Massetti,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, and T. Raita (2017). Occurrence and average behaviour of pulsating aurora.,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics<\/i>, 122 (5), 5606-5618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2017JA024039<\/a><\/p>

Ranta, A., H. Ranta, T.J. Rosenberg, U. Wedeken, and\u00a0P. Stauning <\/b>(1983).<\/b> Development of an auroral absorption substorm: Studies of substorm related absorption events in the afternoon sector,\u00a0Planet. Space Sci., 31<\/i>, 1415-1434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0032-0633(83)90017-X<\/a>.<\/p>

Ranta, H., A. Ranta, S.M. Yousef, J. Burns and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b> (1993). D-Region Observations of Polar Cap Absorption Events during the EISCAT Operation in 1981-89,\u00a0J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 55<\/i>, 751-766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9169(93)90018-T<\/a> .<\/p>

Ranta, H., A. Ranta,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, Z.Ts. Rapoport, V.M. Sinelnikov, S. Kirkwood, J. Lastovicka, and A.K. Knyazev (1994). Morphology of the D- and E-regions at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere during the DYANA campaign in 1990,\u00a0J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56<\/i>, 1933-1945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9169(94)90020-5<\/a> .<\/p>

Ranta, A., H. Ranta, T. Turunen, J. Silen, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, (1985). High resolution observations of the D-region by EISCAT and their comparison to riometer measurements,\u00a0Planet. Space Sci., 33<\/i>, 538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0032-0633(85)90043-1<\/a> .<\/p>

Ranta, H., A. Ranta, E. Turunen, T. Turunen, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, (1986). High-latitude plasma densities in the middle atmosphere measured by EISCAT.\u00a0J. Atm. Terr. Phys.<\/i>, 1986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0032-0633(85)90043-1<\/a><\/p>

Ranta, H., H. Yamagishi,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b> (1995). Twilight anomaly, midday recovery and cutoff latitudes during the intense polar cap absorption event of March 1991,\u00a0Ann. Geophys., 13<\/i>, 262-276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00585-995-0262-1<\/a> .<\/p>

Saiz, E., Y. Cerrato, C. Cid, V. Dobrica, P. Hejda, P. Nenovski,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, et al., (2013). Geomagnetic response to solar and interplanetary disturbances, J. Space Weather Space Clim<\/i>. 3, A26, pp.20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/swsc\/2013048<\/a> .<\/p>

Sandholt, P.E., C.J. Farrugia,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, S.W.H. Cowley, and T. Hansen (1996). Cusp\/cleft auroral forms and activities in relation to ionospheric convection: Responses to specific changes in solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res.<\/i>, 101, 5003-5020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/95JA03126<\/a> .<\/p>

Sandholt, P.E., Moen, J., Stauning, P.\u00a0et al.<\/i>\u00a0(1998). Temporal and spatial variability of auroral forms in the 10\u201314 MLT sector: Relationship to plasma convection and solar wind-magnetosphere coupling.\u00a0Earth Planet Sp<\/i>\u00a050<\/b>, 663\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/BF03352161<\/a> .<\/p>

Sandholt, P.E., C.J. Farrugia, M. \u00d8ieroset,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, and S.W.H. Cowley(1996). Auroral signature of lobe reconnection, Geophys. Res. Lett<\/i>., 23, 1725-1728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/96GL01846<\/a> .<\/p>

Sandholt, P.E., C.J. Farrugia, M. \u00d8ieroset,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, and W.F. Denig (1998). Auroral activity associated with unsteady magnetospheric erosion: Observations on December 18, 1990,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 103<\/i>, 2309-2317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/97JA01317<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Sergeev V.A., R.J. Pellinen, T. Bosinger, W. Baumjohann,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, A.T.Y. Lui. (1986). Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Impulsive Structure of Magnetospheric Substorm.\u00a0J. Geophysics, 60<\/i>, 186-198.<\/p>

Troshichev, O., A. Janzhura, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, Magnetic activity in the polar caps: Relation to sudden changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., vol. 112<\/i>, A11202, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007JA012369<\/a> ,<\/p>

Troshichev, O., A. Janzhura, and\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, (2006). Unified PCN and PCS indices: Method of calculation, physical sense, and dependence on the IMF azimuthal and northward components,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., vol. 111<\/i>, A05208, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2005JA011402<\/a> .<\/p>

Troshichev, O., A. Janzhura, and\u00a0P. Stauning (2007).<\/b>, Reply to Comment of R.Lukianova on paper “The unified PCN and PCS indices: method of calculation, physical sense, dependence on the IMF azimuthal and northward components” by O.Troshichev, A.Janzhura and P.Stauning,\u00a0J. Geophys. Res., 112 (5)<\/i>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2006JA012029<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Troshichev, O. A.,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, K. Liou, G.Reeves (2011). Saw-tooth substorms: inconsistency of repetitive bay-like magnetic disturbances with behavior of aurora. Adv. Space Res.\u00a047(4):702-709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asr.2010.09.026<\/a> .\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Tsunoda, R. T., J. K. Olesen, and\u00a0P. Stauning <\/b>(1997).\u00a0<\/span><\/b> Radar evidence for a new low-frequency crossed-field plasma instability in the polar mesopause region: A case study,\u00a0Geophys. Res. Lett., 24<\/i>, 1215-1218, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/97GL01059<\/a> .<\/p>

Tsunoda, R.,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, and J. K. Olesen, On the electrodynamical measurements in the polar ionosphere with a monostatic incoherent-scatter radar,\u00a0Radio Science, 42 (2)<\/i>, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2006RS003471<\/a> .<\/p>

Wang, Z., T. J. Rosenberg, P. Stauning, S. Basu and G. Crowley (1994). Calculations of riometer absorption associated with F region plasma structures based on Sondre Stromfjord incoherent scatter radar observations, in\u00a0Radio Science<\/i>, vol. 29(1), pp. 209-215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/93RS01507<\/a> .<\/p>

Watermann, J.F., F. Christiansen, V. Popov,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, and O. Rasmussen (2003). Field-aligned currents inferred from low-altitude earth-orbiting satellites and ionospheric currents inferred from ground-based magnetometers – do they render consistent results? In:\u00a0First CHAMP Mission Results for Gravity, Magnetic and Atmospheric Studies<\/i>, C. Reigber, H. Luehr, and P. Schwintzer (Eds.), p. 361-368, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-38366-6_52<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Watermann, J., H. Luehr, K. Schlegel,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, J. P. Thayer, F. Christensen, and P. T. Newell (2005). The low-altitude cusp: Multi-point observations during the February 2002 CIRCUS campaign, in:\u00a0Earth Observations with CHAMP, Results from three years in orbit<\/i>, C. Reigber, H. Luehr, P. Schwintzer, J. Wickert (eds.), pp. 375-380, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/b138105<\/a> .<\/p>

Watermann, J., O. Rasmussen,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, and H. Gleisner, Temporal versus spatial geomagnetic variations along the west coast of Greenland,\u00a0Adv. Space Res., 37<\/i>, 1163-1168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asr.2005.08.019<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Watermann, J.,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, H. Luehr, P. T. Newell, F. Christiansen, and K. Schlegel. (2009). Are small-scale field-aligned currents and magnetosheath-like particle precipitation signatures of the same low-altitude cusp?, Adv. Space Res<\/i>., 43, 41-46, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asr.2008.03.031<\/a> .<\/p>

Watermann, J.,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, O. Rasmussen, V.O. Papitashvili, V. Popov, and J.P. Thayer (2002). Observation of field-aligned and ionospheric currents during Space Weather Month, Sep. 1999, Adv. Space Res.<\/i>, Vol. 30, No. 10, pp 2203-2208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0273-1177(02)80222-8<\/a> .<\/p>

Watermann, J., H. Luehr, K. Schlegel,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, J.P. Thayer, F. Christiansen, and P.T. Newell (2005). The low-altitude cusp: Multi-point observations during the February 2002 SIRCUS campaign in:\u00a0Earth Observation with CHAMP, Results from Three Years in Orbit<\/i>, C. Reigber et al., Eds., p. 375, Springer-Verlag. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-38366-6_52<\/a> .<\/p>

Williams E.R., G.R. Watkins, T.A. Blix, E.V. Thrane, et al., and\u00a0P. Stauning <\/b>(1987). Ionosphere: Morphology, development and coupling. Results of the Project Middle Atmosphere Program\/Winter in Northern Europe (MAP\/WINE).\u00a0J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 49<\/i>, 777-808.\u00a0<\/span> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9169(87)90019-5<\/a> .<\/p>

Yamagishi, H., Y. Fujita, N. Sato,\u00a0P. Stauning<\/b>, M. Hishino, and K. Makita (1998), Conjugate features of auroras observed by TV cameras and imaging riometers at auroral zone and polar cap conjugate-pair stations, in: J. Moen, A. Egeland and M. Lockwood (eds.),\u00a0Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena<\/i>,s. 289-300, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN:\u00a09789401061957<\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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